CCA Libraries Collection Development Policy
(revised and reviewed 2008; effective 2009)
General principles
The CCA Libraries collections are intended to support the curriculum and to serve the learning and instructional needs of students and faculty at the college.
Reflecting the history of the college as an art and design school, the library collections focus on the practice of contemporary art and design as well as on the auxiliary historical and background resources informing this practice.
To serve the needs of contemporary artists and designers, the library collections are in a continual state of flux and change; subject strengths will vary over time to reflect changes in the curriculum. The goals are currency and relevancy with less emphasis on the repository function of a university research library.
As collections are by nature coherent gatherings of materials, the library attempts to form collections that can provide a basis for research into particular topics; it avoids acquisition and retention of miscellaneous and idiosyncratic materials that are peripheral to the strengths of its collections. Access to such materials is provided through referral and interlibrary loan.
Collection categories
The CCA Libraries can be divided into five collection areas:
- The general collections, which include books, periodicals and audiovisual materials, some of which may have rare or locked-case status
- Visual resource collections, comprised of ARTstor, other digital image collections, slides, and the picture file
- Special collections, such as the Capp Street Project Archive, the Sinel Collection, and the Hamaguchi Study Print Collection
- The New Materials Resource Center collection
- The college archives, which include CCA/C theses and public lecture recordings
This collection development policy addresses only the general collections. There are separate policies governing the other collections.
Physical location of collections
CCA has two libraries: Meyer Library in Oakland and Simpson Library in San Francisco.
Meyer Library is the original library of the college, founded in 1907. Its collections begin from that time and focus on the fine arts and the general undergraduate course of study. Meyer also houses the college archives and special collections like the Hamaguchi Study Print Collection and Capp Street Project Archive.
Simpson Library in San Francisco was established in 1986 to support the architecture and design programs, and more recently it has been acquiring resources for the graduate programs and expanding fine arts curriculum. Simpson also administers the New Materials Resource Center and Small Press Traffic Archives.
The size of the library collections is determined by the available physical space allocated to the libraries, balanced with the need to provide study space, service points, computer stations, and staff work areas.
Duplication of holdings
As a general rule, holdings of the two libraries are not duplicated. The reasons behind this practice are a) lack of space, b) budgetary considerations, and c) the original scope of Simpson Library was to serve the architecture and design programs.
In recent years the transfer of programs from the Oakland campus to the San Francisco campus has caused increasing need for fine arts resources in Simpson Library. To serve the needs of students on both campuses, the libraries have begun acquiring duplicate copies of materials in the following categories:
- Selected reference works and periodicals
- Standard texts (e.g. Stokstad)
- Texts that frequently are required course readings, but held by other library
- Significant anthologies and surveys (e.g. Art21)
- Monographs on important artists, focusing on overall oeuvre
- Current exhibition catalogs of high interest
- Current publications of high interest that have short print runs
Because the physical space of the libraries is finite, duplication of holdings can only be achieved by deaccessioning other holdings that have less relevancy to the current curriculum.
Weeding and collection assessment
Library materials are evaluated for deaccessioning using these criteria:
- The physical state is too deteriorated for use or is no longer readable
- A more current or better edition has been acquired
- The content is out-dated or is better represented in another source
- The subject matter is no longer relevant to the curriculum
- Circulation records and other evidence indicate that the item is not being used
- Alternative access to the material is available online or at another library
The decision on what to withdraw is made by the librarians who may solicit input from faculty, library staff, or other subject specialists.
Selection responsibility
Librarians at CCA have collection responsibilities as bibliographers in specific subject areas. Acquisition tools that aid in the identification and selection of materials include book reviews and announcements, standing orders, approval plans, publisher's catalogs, museum websites, vendor catalogs and websites, and general knowledge of the literature in the subject area.
Decisions about what titles to acquire are informed by the curriculum as articulated by the college, descriptions of course offerings, recommendations from students and faculty, and observed use patterns.
Faculty play an important role in the acquistion process by letting the library know what students will be expected to read or view in their classes, by describing the topical focus of their courses in detail, by suggesting specific titles to purchase, and by keeping the library apprised of changes in the curriculum.
Formats collected
The libraries acquire printed books and periodical publications, electronic versions of books and periodicals, video and audio recordings on tape or disc, and selectively other formats, such as artists' books, except as indicated below.
The libraries do not collect microforms, films, computer software, ephemera, sheet music, workbooks or other comsumables, sales and auction catalogs, newspapers, and formats that are unsuitable for general use by patrons.
Textbooks are acquired only under these conditions:
- The text is adopted by an entire department or program, to be used by three or more instructors, for a period of not less than three years; or
- The textbook has become a classic or is widely referenced in research-level publications; or
- The intended audience includes scholars and advanced researchers; or
- Information on the subject is not available in any other library resource.
Software manuals are purchased according to the same criteria as textbooks.
Print vs electronic
The libraries are committed to maintaining printed paper-based collections where the electronic version is an inferior method of access and delivery.
Books and illustrated periodicals are preferred in printed form because presently it is difficult to read extended textual passages in electronic form and because the reproduction of images from printed texts tends to be low quality or absent.
Electronic access to indexing services, major reference works, and some periodicals is preferred because of search and retrieval features, simultaneous access from any computer by multiple persons, download capability, and because space limitations would otherwise prevent acquisition and housing of the printed version.
Other selection considerations
Availability: The library purchases materials from reputable and established vendors and institutions. Purchases from individuals, Amazon marketplace, and other unknown sellers are made only under special circumstances.
Binding: When available, hardcover books are preferred unless the cost is not warranted by anticipated usage. Books with unusual bindings, loose pages, or odd construction are not acquired unless appropriate for the artists' book or locked case collections.
Condition: The library purchases materials in new condition whenever possible. Acquisition of used books and videos is an exception undertaken on a case-by-case basis.
Cost: There is no set maximum cost, but the price of an item is weighed against the level and type of anticipated use, the quality of the publication or production, and the need for the publication's content. Items valued at more than $200 are usually housed in the locked case and do not circulate.
Electronic Resources: There are supplemental guidelines for e-resource selection.
Language: The library collects books in English, unless there is sufficient visual content so that the text is peripheral, or if the publication is essential and not available in English.
Periodicals: Selection criteria are outlined on the New Periodical Recommendation and Evaluation Form.
Resource Sharing: The library may elect not to purchase materials that are accessible at other libraries, and preference may be given to titles not widely held by other libraries.
Size: Overly large or small dimensioned publications are acquired only if needed for their content, as are pamphlets or books under 50 pages.
Use Restrictions: The library does not acquire material with arbitrary use restrictions, such as a limitation of who can use the material or how many people can use the material, unless the rationale is well founded. Limitation of use to only CCA constituencies is considered reasonable.
Videos: There is a separate document on selection and acquisition guidelines for videos.
SUBJECT AREAS AND COLLECTING INTENSITIES (see Appendix A for explanation)
Anthropology/Cultural Studies: Basic Level, approaching Study Level concerning cultural diversity
Architecture/Interiors: Study Level for contemporary architects, building types, architectural history and theory, landscape architecture, interior architecture, urban design, building and material technology, and digital craft; Basic Level for engineering and management
Art History: Study Level for eras and cultures taught in the curriculum; Basic Level for other areas; well illustrated works are collected with higher intensity
Business and Economics: Minimal Level
Education: Minimal Level, except for art education at Basic Level
Fashion: Study Level for designers, clothing types, history; Basic Level for techniques
Film/Media: Study Level for film history; Basic Level for production techniques; videos for selected film genres and important foreign filmmakers are collected with higher intensity
Fine Arts: Study Level for most genres; approaches Research Level in the area of contemporary art; craft art forms tend toward Basic Level; includes good representation of video art and selective representation of artists' books; how-to books and those directed at amateurs are not collected
Graphic Design/Typography: Study Level for contemporary design and designers, history and theory
History: Basic Level with somewhat stronger emphasis on local history and the history of underrepresented peoples
Illustration; Study Level for contemporary illustration, illustration history; Basic Level for graphic novels
Industrial Design: Study Level for contemporary design and designers, design history and theory; Basic Level for manufacturing and technical aspects
Law: Minimal Level dealing with art law and copyright
Literatures: Basic Level except for authors or topics taught in the curriculum; emphasis on primary works rather than secondary literature
Music/Performing Arts: Minimal Level; music recordings are not collected
Philosophy/Psychology/Religion: Study Level for aesthetics and other topics that significantly inform the practice and critique of the arts; Basic Level elsewhere
Political Science: Minimal Level
Science and Math: Minimal Level except for topics related to the arts or sustainability
Sociology/Social Sciences: Basic Level, approaching Study Level concerning cultural diversity, critical theory, and issues of social justice
Technologies: Minimal Level except for topics related to the arts and design
Retrospective collecting
The libraries actively collect newly published materials. The libraries will purchase older imprints to replace lost or damaged titles or when there is a glaring lacuna.
The libraries will also selectively purchase older imprints when there is a specific curricular need. However, if new programs or programs with a changed emphasis require a large number of older imprints to support their classes, a request for budgetary consideration must be presented to the library by December of the preceding academic year.
If an item is no longer in print, a reasonably priced copy will be sought, but the library is rarely in a position to pay collector's prices. Purchasing from unknown sellers on the internet is time-consuming and risky for the library and is avoided whenever possible.
Gifts
The library has a separate Gifts and Donations policy.
Intellectual Freedom
The CCA Libraries affirm the following policies on collection development as stated in the American Library Association Library Bill of Rights:
I. Books and other library resources should be provided for the interest, information, and enlightenment of all people of the community the library serves. Materials should not be excluded because of the origin, background, or views of those contributing to their creation.
II. Libraries should provide materials and information presenting all points of view on current and historical issues. Materials should not be proscribed or removed because of partisan or doctrinal disapproval.
SUPPLEMENTAL GUIDELINES AND ADDITIONAL COLLECTION POLICIES
Supplemental Guidelines for Video Acquisition (2005, revised 2010)
Definition of video
In this context, "video" refers to both VHS and DVD recordings of moving visual images, usually with a sound track. When available, DVD is the preferred format due to ease of use; however, VHS is collected and maintained as needed. Film formats are not purchased by the libraries.
Videos for art and design
The main collecting focus is video pertaining to art, architecture, and design; usually documentary in nature but also including theatrical films that portray these subjects in a substantive manner. The libraries selectively purchase examples of performance art documentation and examples of the video art genre.
Videos for film and film history
The library maintains a select but representative collection to support teaching in this area.
Videos for other subject areas
The libraries purchase videos outside of the above subject areas when they are needed to support the curriculum or as selected by bibliographers to complement other materials in their collecting areas. For curricular support, priority is given to videos that are required viewing, that will have on-going use over the course of several semesters, or that will be used by multiple sections of a course.
Cost guidelines
Videos that cost more than $200 are not placed in general circulation and therefore are not purchased for the general collections. Videos that cost more than $200 are purchased for special collections (e.g. Rare) at the discretion of the bibliographers. Requests for videos that cost more than $100 may require supporting documentation; see Request for Videos pdf form.
Budget allocation and schedule for requests
One third of the library AV budget is initially allocated to art and design videos, forty percent to film and film history, and a quarter to other subject areas. Requests from instructors will be fulfilled on a first-come, first-served basis as the budget allows and as specified in the following schedule:
Starting in May of each year, instructors may request up to $200 in videos for the upcoming year. Requests will be fulfilled until the initial budget allocations have been expended. Instructors should submit requests in priority order if the total may exceed $200; purchases above $200 will be considered on a case-by-case basis in relation to the curricular need.
In February of each year, instructors may request additional videos that fall within the collecting scope of the libraries, including videos for upcoming semesters, expensive items, and general recommendations; these requests will be prioritized for collection balance and fulfilled as remaining funds permit.
In March and April of each year, library bibliographers will use remaining funds to acquire videos not yet purchased for their subject areas. Throughout the year, bibliographers will fulfill student requests as appropriate to the collections.
In December of the preceding academic year, instructors or their program managers should apprise the library of video needs in excess of the $200 allocation so that the request can be incorporated into the library's budget for the next academic year.
Public performance rights
As a general rule, the libraries do not purchase public performance rights; therefore most videos are for individual viewing only. However, all videos may be shown to CCA classes following the provisions of the TEACH Act. For any other type of group screening, it is the responsibility of the presenter to obtain necessary permissions.
Technical specifications
The library collects VHS and DVD in NTSC region 1 or or region-free formats except when a video is only available in an alternate format. Playback capability for alternate formats is not supported by the library.
Supplemental Guidelines for Textbook Acquisition (formalized Jan 2004)
Textbooks are not one of the formats collected by the CCA Libraries; however, the library may purchase textbooks for its collections if:
- The text is adopted by an entire department or program, to be used by three or more instructors, for a period of not less than three years; or
- The textbook has become a classic or is widely referenced in research-level publications; or
- The intended audience includes scholars and advanced researchers; or
- Information on the subject is not available in any other library resource.
Instructors have the option of purchasing or obtaining an examination copy of a textbook, then donating it to the library or having it put on course reserve as a personal copy. The library may deaccession and withdraw these materials from its collections at any time.
Textbooks are those materials designated as such by the author, publisher, or distributor. Defining characteristics may include textbook features, organization and arrangement, and the intended audience and use.
Supplemental Guidelines for Electronic Resource Acquisition (2005; revised 2008)
Electronic resources are those that are delivered over the internet. The libraries currently have these types:
- Periodical indexes, citations only
- Periodical databases containing full text
- Reference works like dictionaries and encyclopedias
- Hybrid reference databases with periodical articles
- Individual periodicals
- Individual books
Most electronic resources are commercially licensed, which means the library pays a vendor for access; this access is restricted to the terms of the license. Some electronic resources are open access and may be freely linked to and utilized.
Selection Criteria
There are two main criteria:
- The subject content and coverage is consistent with stated collecting intensities
- The cost of the resource correlates with anticipated and/or evidenced need and use
Additional selection factors:
- Functionality of the resource and its user interface
- Familiarity of the interface to users
- Authentication for remote access
- Billing cycles and customer service
- Use statistics reporting
- Availability of the electronic resource at another institution, such as a public library
Individual open access books and periodicals are added to the library's catalog when the following apply:
- Is a title likely to be used or requested by students or faculty
- Is from a reputable publisher or source
- Does not include ads or other commercial messages
- Has been vetted by the bibliographer or a review source as being a legitimate and accurate version of the text when applicable
Archives Collection Policy (Dec 2003)
The CCAC/CCA Archives is the repository for:
- materials emanating from college, including academic and administrative departments, satellite units, and student groups. These may be published or unpublished; and include posters, postcards, catalogs, handbooks, newsletters, announcements, recorded lectures, audiovisual material, web screen shots, documentary photographs, press releases, memorabilia, promotional items, minutes, reports, correspondence, etc. (but not internal memoranda and information relating to procedural matters, except where deemed historically important),
- materials about the college and its activities from other sources,
- materials about faculty and alumni, which may be in the form of clippings, bios, catalogs, photographs, etc. But the working papers of faculty and alumni are collected only selectively.
Acceptable formats are paper, audio or video tape, optical disk, transparencies, and the actual item where appropriate. Artwork is not generally acquired by the college, but inquiries may be directed to the Advancement office.
Visual Resources Collection Policy (rev. 2010)
The purpose of the library's visual resources collection is to support study and teaching at the college, which is accomplished in three ways:
- The library is a charter member of ARTstor, providing online access to over one-million digital images.
- The library has digitized slides and other materials that are hosted within ARTstor as institutional collections.
- The library creates temporary personal collections of digital images pending hosting by ARTstor.
The library creates or acquires digital images using these criteria:
- The images will be used in the ongoing CCA curriculum, preferrably by more than one faculty member and for courses taught on a regular basis.
- The images are examples of a style, medium, or genre not represented or only minimally represented in ARTstor.
- The image rights are owned by the college, or the images have special significance to the college.
Unless the college owns the image rights, all images digitized by the library must be used within the ARTstor environment, which controls appropriate access for users and uses.
STATUS OF THE SLIDE COLLECTIONS
Due to the obsolescence of slide projectors, the slide collections are no longer being actively maintained. Faculty may use the Oakland slide collection as a self-service facility.
The library will continue to digitize slides meeting its digitization criteria. during the 2010/11 academic year. Contact the byarish [at] cca [dot] edu (Visual Resources Curator) to discuss image needs.
DEVELOPMENT OF CCA IMAGE ASSETS
The library continues to build its collection of images that are copyright-free or where the college is the rights holder. These include:
- Student slides and digital images, mainly from the student award competitions
- Work photographed by faculty or others that has been donated to the library
- College archives photographs and other graphic documents
Images that document the creative output of the college will become part of CCA's institutional repository, called Cstor.
APPENDIX A. Collection Intensity Levels
from Guidelines for a Collection Development Policy Using the Conspectus Model, International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, Section on Acquisition and Collection Development, 2001
0 Out of Scope.
Library does not intentionally collect materials in any format for this subject.
1 Minimal Information Level
Collections that support minimal inquiries about this subject and include:
- A very limited collection of general materials, including monographs and reference works.
- Periodicals directly dealing with this topic and in-depth electronic information resources are not collected.
The collection should be frequently and systematically reviewed for currency of Information. Superseded editions and titles containing outdated information should be withdrawn. Classic or standard retrospective materials may be retained.
2 Basic Information Level
Collections that serve to introduce and define a subject, to indicate the varieties of information available elsewhere, and to support the needs of general library users through the first two years of college instruction include:
- A limited collection of monographs and reference works.
- A limited collection of representative general periodicals.
- Defined access to a limited collection of owned or remotely-accessed electronic bibliographic tools, texts, data sets, journals, etc.
The collection should be frequently and systematically reviewed for currency of information. Superseded editions and titles containing outdated information should be withdrawn. Classic or standard retrospective materials may be retained.
3 Study or Instructional Support Level
Collections that provide information about a subject in a systematic way, but at a level of less than research intensity, and support the needs of general library users through college and beginning graduate instruction include:
- An extensive collection of general monographs and reference works and selected specialized monographs and reference works.
- An extensive collection of general periodicals and a representative collection of specializedperiodicals.
- Limited collections of appropriate foreign language materials , e.g. foreign language learning materials for non-native speakers or foreign language materials about a topic such as German history in German.
- Extensive collections of the works of well-known authors and selections from the works of lesser-known authors.
Defined access to an extensive collection of owned or remotely-accessed electronic resources, including bibliographic tools, texts, data sets, journals, etc. The collection should be systematically reviewed for currency of information and for assurance that essential and important information is retained, including significant numbers of classic retrospective materials.
4 Research Level
A collection that contains the major published source materials required for doctoral study and independent research includes:
- A very extensive collection of general and specialized monographs and reference works.
- A very extensive collection of general and specialized periodicals.
- Extensive collections of appropriate foreign language materials.
- Extensive collections of the works of well-known authors as well as lesser-known authors.
- Defined access to a very extensive collection of owned or remotely accessed electronic resources, including bibliographic tools, texts, data sets, journals, etc.
Older material is usually retained and systematically preserved to serve the needs of historical research.
5 Comprehensive Level
A collection in a specifically defined field of knowledge that strives to be exhaustive, as far as is reasonably possible (i.e., a "special collection"), in all applicable languages includes:
- Exhaustive collections of published materials.
- Very extensive manuscript collections.
- Very extensive collections in all other pertinent formats.
- A comprehensive level collection may serve as a national or international resource.
